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Monad brought almost a billion dollars onto a new chain, and collects 10 thousand a day in gas

the verdict
The capital really did arrive: $904.4 million, 13% below its all-time high, and $966.4 million traded in a month. The revenue hasn’t: $309 thousand of gas in thirty days, 395 times less than the launch pitch promised.
four measured every night, three judged every three months

What does it do, in one line?

It runs transactions all at once instead of one after another, and assumes they don’t touch each other. On Ethereum every transaction waits for the one before it to finish. Two of them might touch the same piece of data, and then the order would change the result. It’s a queue, kept out of caution.

Monad starts from the opposite assumption: most transactions have nothing to do with each other, so everything runs in parallel. At the end the system checks which ones stepped on each other’s toes and reruns those few. That’s cheap, because the data they need is already in memory. The result is identical to the queue’s, and you get there in a fraction of the time.

all at oncethe redone ones
the transactions all start at the same instant instead of queueing; only the ones touching the same data are redone afterwards, with the data already in memory.

Transactions are executed in parallel on the assumption that they have no dependencies on each other. At confirmation the system checks which ones read or wrote the same data: only those are re-executed, and the cost is low because the data needed is already cached. The final outcome matches that of sequential execution.

The second idea is even simpler: separate agreeing on the order from executing it. While the network agrees on what goes into the current block, it’s already executing the block from three blocks earlier. So execution gets the whole block time instead of a slice of it, and nobody waits for anybody. It all stays compatible with Ethereum’s code, so anyone who has already written a contract can bring it over without rewriting it.

01 · measured

How much adoption does it really have?

$904.4 million of capital, 13% below its all-time high. Three months ago it was $769.8 million, so it’s up 17 percent in a quarter. For a chain that went live on October 25, 2025, that’s the part of the job almost nobody pulls off.
$769.8mthree months agohalfway$904.4mtoday
the capital on the chain, from three months ago to today. source: defillama-chain-tvl, november 2, 2026.

The capital deposited on Monad went from $769.8 million three months ago to $904.4 million today, 13% below its all-time high: 17 percent more in a quarter.

It’s good-quality capital, too: $649.3 million of it is stablecoins, 72 percent of the total. That’s a big difference from chains that count their own token as capital. The money in here is worth the same everywhere, so it could leave at any time. The fact that it has stayed means something.

There are 133 applications with capital on them, and they aren’t all copies. There are the big lending and yield protocols you find everywhere else, and there are things born here. So it’s a real ecosystem. The question that matters, in the next section, is whether any of it earns anything for the chain.

02 · measured

Who pays to keep it running?

This is where it falls apart: $309 thousand of gas in thirty days. That’s about $10,300 a day, or $3.8 million a year at the current rate. The same source that made the case for the bet in 2025 ran the sum the other way: ten thousand transactions a second at half a cent each comes to a billion and a half dollars of fees a year.
the estimate · $1,500mtoday · $3.8m
the gas the chain collects in a year at today’s rate, against the billion-and-a-half estimate that circulated at launch. source: defillama-chain-gas30, november 2, 2026.

At the current rate the chain collects about $3.8 million of gas a year. The estimate that came with the launch, ten thousand transactions a second at half a cent each, came to about $1,500 million a year: 395 times as much.

The estimate and the reality are 395 times apart, and it isn’t for lack of traffic. The applications running on the chain collected $5.96 million in thirty days, about 19 times what the chain itself collected. The money is being made, but the protocols keep it, and the road stays free.

It’s the structural flaw of this generation of fast chains: using them costs almost nothing by design, so the value all goes to whoever builds on top. That’s fine while the token trades on expectations. But the day it has to be worth what the network collects, this is the number to look at.

03 · measured

How much trades up there?

Plenty, and it’s the healthiest number on the page: $966.4 million traded in thirty days, which is 1.1 times all the capital on the chain. Turnover like that means the money is working instead of sitting parked.
1.1×
the chain’s capital,
traded every month
a month’s volume divided by the capital on the chain. source: defillama-chain-swaps30, november 2, 2026.

In thirty days $966.4 million went through Monad’s DEXs, against $904.4 million of capital deposited: every month, 1.1 times all the capital on the chain changes hands.

With $649.3 million of stablecoins on it, the depth is enough for serious orders, and not just for trades of a few thousand dollars. It’s the difference between a market you can get in and out of and one you can only get into. It’s also why the big protocols agreed to come here.

The caution is that high volume on young chains is often bought, with incentive programs, points and campaigns. Some of this volume comes from those programs, and nobody knows how many until they end. To find out, look at this number three months after the incentives stop.

04 · measured

What does it all rest on?

The first application holds 30%, which is a lot, but it’s not everything. Behind it there’s a real tail of 132 applications, and the top five hold hundreds of millions each. That’s the difference between a blockchain and an application with an address.
the first · 30%the other 132
the first application and the tail of the ones behind it. source: defillama-chain-first, november 2, 2026.

The first application holds 30% of the chain’s capital; the other 132 share the rest, with the top five worth hundreds of millions each.

What concentration remains is the usual kind. The lending and yield protocols found on every big chain arrive first, bring capital they know how to manage and take the top spots. It’s rented capital, “mercenary”, as people call it, and it leaves for wherever the yield is better.

What to watch is what that tail looks like in six months, more than today’s number. If the tail grows with things born here, the chain has built an ecosystem of its own. If the top five stay the same five you find everywhere, Monad is a place capital passes through more than a place where it lives.

05 · judged

Who is in charge here?

Whoever stakes the token. It’s a blockchain, not an assembly, so nobody votes on market parameters the way they do in lending protocols. What you choose is which version of the software to run. The power sits with the validators and with whoever delegates tokens to them. The decisions that matter go through software upgrades more than written proposals.

The token has two declared uses, and voting isn’t one of them: you pay gas with it, and you stake it to keep the network running. It’s a standard, honest model, but it gives you no right to the revenue. The revenue, as we saw two sections back, is small anyway.

paying gasyes
security for validatingyes
a right to the revenueno
a vote on parametersno
what the token is for, and what it isn’t.

The MON token is used to pay gas and is staked by validators to secure the network. It gives no right to the revenue and no vote on market parameters: decisions go through software upgrades adopted by the validators.

The criticism raised by the 2025 piece was about what hadn’t been published: how much of the supply the team and investors held, and on what unlock schedule. Until those schedules can be checked from outside, token holders carry a risk they can’t measure. That weighs on the judgment more than any number on this page.

06 · judged

Does the team hold up?

Yes, and this is the highest score on the page. The chain launched on October 25, 2025 and has never stopped running since: no public outage, none of the hours-long halts other fast chains suffered in their early years. For a system that executes in parallel and separates consensus from execution, that was no foregone conclusion.

Meanwhile they’ve brought 133 applications with real capital onto it, and $904.4 million. That was in a year when getting anyone to move away from where they already have users and liquidity is the hardest thing in the sector. Compatibility with Ethereum’s code helped, but it isn’t enough on its own: there are dozens of compatible chains, and almost all of them are empty.

What’s left to prove is something else: whether this capital stays when the incentives end, and whether the chain finds a way to keep some of what it generates. Those are two tests only time can settle, and here the clock has only just started.

the mainnetlive since october 25, 2025, with no public outages
the ecosystem133 applications with capital on them, not only clones
the capital13% below its all-time high, 72% in stablecoins
left to provethat it stays when the incentives end

The mainnet has been running since October 25, 2025 with no public outages; 133 applications hold deposited capital; the capital is 13% below its all-time high today, with $649.3 million in stablecoins. Still to prove: whether the capital holds after the incentives end, and whether the chain can keep part of the value it generates.

07 · judged

Where does it break?

The first risk is the one the numbers spell out. A chain that collects $3.8 million a year is valued on what it promises more than on what it produces. If the market stops paying for promises, which happens every cycle, the token is left without a floor while the network keeps running perfectly well.

The second is mercenary capital. A billion dollars that arrived in twelve months came partly because it paid to, and when the incentives end it can leave as fast as it came. The chains that survive that moment are the ones where something grew in the meantime that doesn’t exist anywhere else.

put bluntly
persuading somebody to switch blockchains is like persuading them to switch supermarkets when the current one is downstairs and they already know where everything is

Put bluntly: persuading a developer to switch blockchains is like persuading them to switch supermarkets when the current one is downstairs and they already know where to find everything.

The third is the crowd. There’s a whole field of fast Ethereum-compatible chains, and each one has to persuade developers to leave a place where they already have users and liquidity. Monad is better placed than most, as the capital and volume on this page show, but it’s running the same race as twenty others, and there’s only one prize.

the direct competitors, today
criterionmegaethmonadbasearbitrum
capital on it$12.3m $904.4m$5.98bn$1.45bn
gas, 30 days$65k $309k$2.4m$580k
traded, 30 days$17.3m $966.4m$28.20bn$4.83bn
stablecoins on it$17.1m $649.3m$5.13bn$3.55bn
in the first app67% 30%74%36%
the same measured criteria on the direct competitors, all taken today from the same source: defillama, november 2, 2026.

Comparison between monad and its direct competitors in the same category, on the measured criteria, all taken on november 2, 2026 from the same source (defillama). Capital on it: megaeth $12.3m, monad $904.4m, base $5.98bn, arbitrum $1.45bn. Gas, 30 days: megaeth $65k, monad $309k, base $2.4m, arbitrum $580k. Traded, 30 days: megaeth $17.3m, monad $966.4m, base $28.20bn, arbitrum $4.83bn. Stablecoins on it: megaeth $17.1m, monad $649.3m, base $5.13bn, arbitrum $3.55bn. In the first app: megaeth 67%, monad 30%, base 74%, arbitrum 36%.

how it updates

this review updates itself, within declared limits

the 4 measured criteria are recomputed with the same procedure as on day one. the 3 judgments are not: those are revisited by hand.
rhythmcapital, fees, gas, stablecoins, swaps and the first app’s share every night · judgments every three months early triggerthe review is triggered early if the capital halves, if the gas collected in a month passes a million, or if the first application passes half the total nextby November 2026 checkedAugust 19, 2026 last recomputedNovember 2, 2026
the words in this piece · 14
blockchain
a register of entries that sits on many machines at once, where every block carries the fingerprint of the one before it, and rewriting the past costs more than it pays.
fee
what you pay to use a protocol. it can go to whoever supplies the service, to whoever holds the token, or to both.
gas
what you pay the network to have an operation carried out: it changes with the traffic, not with the value of what you are doing.
governance
the set of rules by which decisions get made about a protocol: who proposes, who votes, who executes.
lending
borrowing onchain: you leave one coin as collateral and have another lent to you, at a rate that rises and falls with demand.
proposal
the formal proposal that gets voted on: the text, the parameters and the code to run if it passes.
spot
the market where the asset itself changes hands, delivered on the spot. as opposed to derivatives, where what trades is a contract.
stablecoin
a token built to be worth the same as a currency, usually the dollar. what changes is how it manages that: reserves at a bank, collateral onchain, hedges on derivatives.
supply
how many tokens exist. it can be the amount in circulation or the maximum possible.
token
the unit a protocol issues. it can serve to vote, to pay, to receive revenue, or to do nothing at all.
token holder
whoever holds a protocol’s token. it isn’t the same set of people as whoever uses it, and that is where a lot of the conflict comes from.
tvl
the total value deposited inside a protocol. it measures trust, not revenue.
unlock
the moment when tokens locked up until that day become sellable.
yield
what a deployed capital earns, written as a yearly percentage.
review · monad · reassessed August 19, 2026all the reviews